Seung-Hoe Ku
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory,
PO BOX 0451, Princeton, NJ 08543-0451USA
Email: sku [at] pppl [dot] gov
Theoretical Plasma Physics
Plasma transport Phenomena in toroidal magnetic confinement devices
Extreme Scale numerical Simulation
Ph. D in Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, June 2004
M. S. in Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Feb. 1998
B. S. in Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Feb. 1996
Research Physicist, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (2011-present)
Research Scientist and Research Assistant Professor, Courant Institute of Mathematical Science, New York University (2006 – 2011)
Associate Research Scientist, Courant Institute of Mathematical Science, New York University (2005 – 2006)
Post Doctoral Scientist, Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, (2004 – 2005)
Treasurer of
Sherwood Fusion Theory Conference (2022-present)
Member of Executive
committee of ICNSP (2015-2016)
1. Junyi Cheng, J. Myra, S. Ku, R. Hager, C.S. Chang and S. Parker, “Transport barrier and spinning blob dynamics in the tokamak edge”, Nucl. Fusion 63 086015 (2023) https:/doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acdf01
2. Hongxuan Zhu, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, R. Hager, S. Ku1 and C.S. Chang, “Effects of collisional ion orbit loss on tokamak radial electric field and toroidal rotation in an L-mode plasma”, Nucl. Fusion 63 066009 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acc815
3. Toseo Moritaka, H Sugama, Michael David John Cole, R Hager, Seung-Hoe Ku, Choong Seock Chang and Seiji Ishiguro, “Isotope effects under the influence of global radial electric fields in a helical configuration”, Nuclear Fusion 62 126059 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac95ab
4. Qian Gong, X. Liang, B. Whitney, et al, “Maintaining Trust in Reduction: Preserving the Accuracy of Quantities of Interest for Lossy Compression”, Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1512, 22 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96498-6_2
5. R. Hager, S. Ku, A.Y. Sharma, C.S. Chang, R.M. Churchill, A. Scheinberg, “Electromagnetic total-f algorithm for gyrokinetic particle-in-cell simulations of boundary plasma in XGC”, Physics of Plasma 29, 112308 (2022)
6. Hongxuan Zhu, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, R. Hager, S. Ku1 and C.S. Chang, “Effects of collisional ion orbit loss on neoclassical tokamak radial electric fields”, Nuclear Fusion 62 066012 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac5b8a
7. Qian Gong, Xin Liang, Ben Whitney, et al., “Maintaining Trust in Reduction: Preserving the Accuracy of Quantities of Interest for Lossy Compression”, Communications in Computer and Information Science 1512 ; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96498-6_2
8. P. Trivedi, J. Dominski, C.S. Chang, S. Ku, “Toward the core-edge coupling of delta-f and total-f gyrokinetic models”, Physics of Plasmas 29, 032301 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0077557
9. S.S. Kim, S-H Ku, H. Jhang, “Generation of ExB flow shear by finite orbit width effects from heat sources in tokamaks”, Nuclear Fusion, 62, 036010 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac47b6
10. R. M. Churchill, C. S. Chang, J. Choi, R. Wang, S. Klasky, R. Kube, H. Park, M. J. Choi, J. S. Park, M. Wolf, R. Hager, S. Ku, S. Kampel, T. Carroll, K. Silber, E. Dart & B. S. Cho (2021) A Framework for International Collaboration on ITER Using Large-Scale Data Transfer to Enable Near-Real-Time Analysis, Fusion Science and Technology, 77:2, 98-108; https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2020.1851073
11. B.J. Sturdevant, S. Ku, L. Chacon, et al, “Verification of a Fully Implicit Particle-in-Cell Method for the v|| Formalism of Electromagnetic Gyrokinetics in the XGC Code”, Physics of Plasmas, 28, 072505 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0047842
12. S. Togo, A. Loarte, M. Hosokawa, et al, “Property of neoclassical GAMs induced by pellet generated plasma perturbations in the gyrokinetic code XGC”, Physics of Plasmas 28, 044501 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0026480
13. Toseo MORITAKA, Michael COLE, Robert HAGER, Seung-Hoe KU, C. S. CHANG, Seiji ISHIGURO, “Improving Gyrokinetic Field Solvers toward Whole-Volume Modeling of Stellarators”, Plasma and Fusion Research 16, 2403054 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1585/pfr.16.2403054
14. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, R. Hager, et al, “Constructing a new predictive scaling formula for ITER's divertor heat-load width informed by a simulation-anchored machine learning”, Physics of Plasmas 28, 022501 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027637
15. J. Dominski and J. Cheng and G. Merlo, “Spatial coupling of gyrokinetic simulations, a generalized scheme based on first-principles”, Physics of Plasmas 28, 022301 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027160
16. J.R. Myra, S. Ku, D.A. Russel, et al, “Reduction of blob-filament radial propagation by parallel variation of flows: Analysis of a gyrokinetic simulation”, Physics of Plasmas 27, 082309 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0012157
17. I. Keramidas Charidakos, J.R. Myra, S. Ku, et al, “Comparison of edge turbulence characteristics between DIII-D and C-Mod simulations with XGC1”, Physics of Plasmas 27, 072302 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0008755
18. D.P. Stotler, S. Ku, S.J. Zweben, et al, “Examination of synthetic gas puff imaging diagnostic data from a gyrokinetic turbulence code”, Phys. Plasmas 27, 062512 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0002876
19. M.D.J. Cole, T. Moritaka, R. Hager, et al, “Nonlinear global gyrokinetic delta-f turbulence simulations in a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator”, Phys. Plasmas 27, 044501 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5140232
20. M.D.J. Cole, R. Hager, T. Moritaka, et al, “Verification of the global gyrokinetic stellarator code XGC-S for linear ion temperature gradient driven modes”, Phys. Plasmas 26, 082501 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5109259
21. D.P. Stotler, S. Ku, S.J. Zweben, et al, “Shadowing effects in simulated Alcator C-Mod gas puff imaging data”, Nuclear Materials and Energy 19, 113 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.008
22. J. Dominski, C.S. Chang, R. Hager, et al, “Study of up–down poloidal density asymmetry of high-impurities with the new impurity version of XGCa”, J. Plasma Phys. 85 905850510 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377819000722
23. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, and R.M. Churchill, “X-point ion orbit physics in scrape-off layer and generation of a localized electrostatic potential perturbation around X-point”, Phys. Plasmas 26, 014504 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5072795
24. M.D.J. Cole, R. Hager, T. Moritaka, et. al. “Comparative collisionless alpha particle confinement in stellarator reactors with the XGC gyrokinetic code”, Phys. Plasmas 26, 032506 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5085349
25. S.
Ku, C. S. Chang et al., “A fast low-to-high confinement mode bifurcation
dynamics in the boundary-plasma gyrokinetic code XGC1”, Phys. Plasmas 25,
056107 (2018)
26. J. Dominski, S. Ku et al., “A tight-coupling scheme sharing minimum information across a spatial interface between gyrokinetic turbulence codes”, Phys. Plasmas 25, 072308 (2018),
27. Julien Dominski, Seung-Hoe Ku & Choong-Seock Chang, “Gyroaveraging operations using adaptive matrix operators”, Phys. Plasmas 25, 052304 (2018)
28. G. Merlo, J. Dominski, A. Bhattacharjee, et. al. “Cross-verification of the global gyrokinetic codes GENE and XGC”, Physics of Plasmas 25, 062308 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5036563
29. Jae-Min Kwon, S. Ku et al., “Gyrokinetic Simulation Study of Magnetic Island Effects on Neoclassical Physics and Micro-Instabilities in a Realistic KSTAR Plasma”, Phys. Plasmas 25, 052506 (2018)
30. Jong Youl Choi, C.S. Chang, J. Dominski, et. al. “Coupling Exascale Multiphysics Applications: Methods and Lessons Learned”, PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-SCIENCE (E-SCIENCE) in 2018; doi.org/10.1109/ESCIENCE.2018.00133
31. M. Churchil, C.S Chang, S. Ku, J. Dominski, “Pedestal and edge electrostatic turbulence characteristics from an XGC1 gyrokinetic simulation”, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 59, 105014 (2017)
32. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, A. Aoarte, et al. “Gyrokinetic projection of the divertor heat-flux width from present tokamaks to ITER”, Nucl. Fusion 57 116023 (2017)
33. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, G. Tynan, et al. “Fast Low-to-High Confinement Mode Bifurcation Dynamics in a Tokamak Edge Plasma Gyrokinetic Simulation”, Physical Review Letters, 118, 175001 (2017)
34. K. Kim, J. Kwon, C.S. Chang, J. Seo, S. Ku, W. Choe, “Full-f XGC1 gyrokinetic study of improved ion energy confinement from impurity stabilization of ITG turbulence”, Physics of Plasma, 24, 062302 (2017)
35. D.P. Stotler, J. Lang, C.S. Chang, R.M. Churchill, S. Ku, “Neutral recycling effects on ITG turbulence”, Nuclear Fusion, 57, 086028 (2017)
36. R. Hager, J. Lang, C.S. Chang, S. Ku, Y. Chen, S.E. Parker, M.F. Adams, “Verification of long wavelength electromagnetic modes with a gyrokinetic-fluid hybrid model in the XGC code”, Physics of Plasmas, 24, 054508 (2017)
37. K. Kim, C.S. Chang, J. Seo, S. Ku, W. Choe, “What happens to full-f gyrokinetic transport and turbulence in a toroidal wedge simulation?”, Physics of Plasmas, 24, 012306 (2017)
38. J.E. Menard, J.P. Allain, et al, “Overview of NSTX Upgrade initial results and modelling highlights” Nucl. Fusion 57 102006 (2017)
39. S.
Ku, R. Hager, C.S. Chang, “A new hybrid-Lagrangian
numerical scheme for gyrokinetic simulation of tokamak edge plasma”, J.
Computational Physics, 325, 467 (2016)
40. R. Hager, E.S. Yoon, S. Ku, et al. “A fully non-linear multi-species Fokker-Planck-Landau collision operator for simulation of fusion plasma”, J. Computational Physics, 315, 644 (2016)
41. F. Zhang, R. Hager, S. Ku, et al. “Mesh generation for confined fusion plasma simulation”, Engineering with computers, 32, 285 (2016)
42. S.M. Kaye, T. Abrams, J.-W. Ahn, et al. “An overview of recent physics results from NSTX”, Nuclear Fusion, 55, 104002 (2015)
43. A.Y. Pankin, T. Rafiq, A.H. Kritz, et al. “Kinetic modeling of divertor heat load fluxes in the Alcator C-Mod and DIII-D tokamaks”, Physics of Plasmas, 22, 092511, (2015)
44. S. Either, C.S. Chang, S. Ku, et al. "NERSC's Impact on Advances of Global Gyrokinetic PIC Codes for Fusion Energy Research", Computing in Science and Engineering 17 10 (2015)
45. J. Seo, C.S. Chang, S. Ku, et al. “Intrinsic momentum generation by a combined neoclassical and turbulence mechanism in diverted DIII-D plasma edge”, Phys. Plasmas 21, 092501 (2014)
46. D. J. Battaglia, K. H. Burrell, C. S. Chang, S. Ku, J. S. deGrassie and B. A. Grierson, “Kinetic neoclassical transport in the H-mode pedestal” Phys. Plasmas 21, 072508 (2014)
47. P.H. Diamond, Y. Kosuga, Ö.D. Gürcan, C.J. McDevitt, T.S. Hahm, N. Fedorczak, J.E. Rice, W.X. Wang, S. Ku, J.M. Kwon, et al. “An overview of intrinsic torque and momentum transport bifurcations in toroidal plasmas”, Nuclear Fusion 53 104019 (2013)
48. A. Diallo, J. Canik, T. Georler, S.-H. Ku, et. al. “Progress in characterization of the pedestal stability and turbulence during the edge-localized-mode cycle on National Spherical Torus Experiment” Nuclear Fusion 53 093026 (2013)
49. D.J. Battaglia, C.S. Chang, et. al. “Dependence of the L-H transition on X-point geometry and divertor recycling on NSTX” Nuclear Fusion 53 113032 (2013)
50. D. P. Stotler, C. S. Chang, S. Ku, J. Lang and G. Park “Energy conservation tests of a coupled kinetic plasma-kinetic neutral transport code”. Comput. Sci. Disc. 6, 015006 (2013)
51. D. P. Stotler, C. S. Chang, S. Ku, J. Lang and G. Y. Park “Pedestal fueling simulations with a coupled kinetic plasma-kinetic neutral transport code”. J. Nucl. Mater. 438, S1275 (2013)
52. S. Lakshminarasimhan, N. Shah, S. Ethier, S. Ku, C-S Chang, S. Klasky, R. Latham, R. Ross, N. Samatova, "Isabela for effective in situ compression of scientific data", Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 25, 524 (2013)
53. S.
Ku, J. Abiteboul, P.H. Diamond, G. Dif-Pradalier, J.M. Kwon, Y. Sarazin,
T.S. Hahm, et. al. “Physics of intrinsic rotation in flux-driven ITG turbulence”, Nuclear Fusion, 52, 063013
(2012)
54. S. Koh, C.S. Chang, S. Ku, J.E. Menard, H. Weitzner, W. Choe, “Bootstrap current for the edge pedestal plasma in a diverted tokamak geometry”, Physics of Plasma, 19, 0722505 (2012)
55. Y. Sarazin, V. Grandgirad, J. Abieteboul, S. Allfrey, X. Garbet, et. al., “Predictions on heat transport and plasma rotation from global gyrokinetic simulations,” Nuclear Fusion 51, 103023 (2011)
56. G. Dif-Pradalier, J. Gunn, G. Ciraolo, C.S. Chang, G. Chiavassa, P. Diamond, et. al. “The Mistral base case to validate kinetic and fluid turbulence transport codes of the edge and SOL plasmas”, J. Nuclear Materials, 415, S597 (2011)
57. A.Y. Pankin, G.Y. Park, J. Cummings, C.S. Chang, G. Bateman, et. al. “Kinetic modeling of H-mode pedestal with effects from anomalous transport and MHD stability”, Problems Atomic Science and Technology, 1, 8, (2011)
58. G. Dif-Pradalier, P.H. Diamond, V. Grandgirad, Y. sarazin, X. Garbet, P. Ghendrih, G. Latu, A. Strugarek, S. Ku, C.S. Chang, “Neoclassical physics in full distribution function gyrokinetics”, Physics of plasmas, 18, 062309 (2011)
59. S. Ku, S. Son, S.J. Moon, Photonic band gap and x-ray optics in warm dense matter, Phys. Plasmas, 17, 052702 (2010)
60. S. Son, S. Ku, S.J. Moon, “Theory of plasmon decay in dense plasmas and warm dense matters”, Phys. Plasmas 17, 112709 (2010)
61. S. Son, S. Ku, S.J. Moon, “Backward Raman compression of x-rays in metals and warm dense matters”, Phys. Plasmas 17, 114506 (2010)
62. G. Dif-Pradalier, P. H. Diamond, V. Grandgirard, Y. Sarazin, J. Abiteboul, X. Garbet, Ph. Ghendrih, and A. Strugarek, S. Ku and C. S. Chang, “On the validity of the local diffusive paradigm in turbulent plasma transport,” Phys. Rev. E 82, 025401(R) (2010)
63. S. Son, S. Ku, “Plasmon band gap generated by intense ion acoustic waves”, Phys. Plasmas, 17, 024501, (2010)
64. S. Son, S. Ku, “Suppression of Landau damping via electron band gap”, Phys. Plasmas, 17, 010703, (2010)
65. H.R. Strauss, L. Sugiyama, G.Y. Park, C.S. Chang, S. Ku, I. Joseph, “Extended MHD simulation of resonant magnetic perturbations”, Nuclear Fusion, 49, 055025, (2009)
66. S.
Ku, C.S. Chang, P.H. Diamond, “Full-f gyrokinetic
particle simulation of ITG turbulence with a strong central heating in
realistic tokamak geometry”, Nuclear Fusion, 49, 115021 (2009)
67. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, P.H. Diamond, Z. Lin, et al, “Compressed ITG turbulence in diverted tokamak edge”, Physics of Plasma, 16, 056108, (2009)
68. D.A. Gates, J. Ahn, J. Allain, et. al, “Overview of results from the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX)”, Nuclear Fusion, 49, 104016, (2009)
69. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, P.H. Diamond, M. Adams, R. Barreto, Y. Chen. et. al. “Whole-volume integrated gyrokinetic simulation of plasma turbulence in realistic diverted-tokamak geometry”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 180, 012057 (2009)
70. M. F. Adams, S. Ku, P. Worley, E. D’Azevedo, J. C. Cummings, C.S. Chang, “Scaling to 150K cores: recent algorithm and performance engineering developments enabling XGC1 to run at scale”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 180, 012036 (2009)
71. J. Cummings, A. Pankin, N. Podhorszki, S. Ku, et. al, “Plasma Edge Kinetic-MHD Modeling in Tokamaks Using Kepler Workflow for Code Coupling”, Data Management and Visualization, Comm. in Computational Physics, 4, 675 (2008)
72. C.S. Chang, S. Klasky, J. Cummings, R. Samtaney, S. Ku, et al., “Toward a first-principles integrated simulation of tokamak edge plasmas,” J. of Physics: Conference Series, 125, 012042, (2008)
73. Y. Chen, S. E. Parker, G. Rewoldt, S. Ku, G.Y. Park, C.S. Chang, Coarse-graining the electron distribution in gyrokinetic simulations, Phys. Plasmas, 15, 055905 (2008)
74. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, “Spontaneous rotation sources in a quiescent tokamak edge plasma”, Phys. Plasmas, 15, 062510 (2008)
75. G. Park, J. Cummings, C.S. Chang, N. Podhorszki, S. Klasky, S. Ku, et al. “Simulation of Kinetic Pedestal Growth and MHD ELM crash”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 78, 1, 012087 (2007)
76. S.
Ku, C.S. Chang, M. Adams, et al. “Gyrokinetic particle simulation of
neoclassical transport in the pedestal/scrape-off region of a tokamak plasma,”
SCIDAC 2006:Scientific discovery through advanced
computing 46, 87 (2006)
77. C.S. Chang, S. Ku, “Particle simulation of neoclassical transport in the plasma edge”, Contrib. Plasma Physics, 46, 496 (2006)
78. H. Baek, S. Ku, C.S. Chang, “Neoclassical polarization drift of collisionless single ions in a sheared radial electric field in a tokamak magnetic geometry,” Phys. Plasmas, 13, 012503 (2006)
79. S.H. Hahn, S. Ku, C.S. Chang, “Wall intersection of ion orbits induced by fast transport of pedestal plasma over an electrostatic potential hill in a tokamak plasma edge,” Phys. Plasmas, 12, 102501 (2005)
80. S. Ku, Hoyul Baek, and C. S. Chang, Property of an X-point generated velocity-space hole in a diverted tokamak plasma edge, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 5626 (2004)
81. R. Maingi, C. S. Chang, Seung-Hoe Ku, et. al., Effect of gas fuelling location on H-mode access in NSTX, Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion, 46, A305 (2004)
82. C. S. Chang, Seung-Hoe Ku, and H. Weitzner, Numerical study of neoclassical plasma pedestal in a tokamak geometry, Phys. Plasmas, 11, 2649 (2004)
83. C. S. Chang and Seung-Hoe Ku, and H. Weitzner, X-transport: A baseline nonambipolar transport in a diverted tokamak plasma edge, Phys. Plasmas, 9, 3884 (2002)
84. H.G. Jhang and Seung-Hoe Ku, An optimum feedback coil position for active stabilization of resistive wall modes, Phys. Plasmas, 8, 3107 (2001)
85. S. S. Kim, S. Hamaguchi, N. S. Yoon, C. S. Chang, Y. D. Lee, Seung-Hoe Ku, Numerical investigation on plasma and poly-Si etching uniformity control over a large area in a resonant inductively coupled plasma source, Phys. Plasmas, 8, 1384 (2001)
86. Y. D. Lee, S. S. Kim, Seung-Hoe Ku, and C. S. Chang, Strong variation of average ion energy in oscillation frequency of sheath potential, Phys. Plasmas, 7, 766 (2000)
Selected PRESENTATIONS
1. S. Ku, R. Hager, et al, Invited Talk, 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma Physics, 9-14 Oct, 2022, “Gyrokinetic Penetration of Resonant Magnetic Perturbation into Tokamak Pedestal and Core”
2. S. Ku, C.S. Chang, et al, Invited Talk, 27th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, October 2018, Ahmedabad, India, “A gyrokinetic discovery of fast L-H bifurcation physics in a realistic diverted tokamak edge geometry”
3. S. Ku, et al, Invited Talk, 59th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, October 23 - 27, 2017 • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, “Gyrokinetic simulation of a fast L-H bifurcation dynamics in a realistic diverted tokamak edge geometry”
4. S. Ku, C.S. Chang, G.R. Tynan, et al., Invited Talk, Sherwood Fusion Theory Conference, Annapolis MD, May 1-3, 2017, “Gyrokinetic simulation of a fast L-H like bifurcation dynamics in a realistic diverted tokamak edge geometry”
5. S. Ku, C.S. Chang, P.H. Diamond, G. Dif-Pradalier, J. Abiteboul, J. Lang, J. Seo, J.M. Kwon, Invited Talk, 39th European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics/16th International Congress on Plasma Physics, July 2012, Stockholm, Sweden, “Intrinsic rotation in flux-driven global ITG turbulence simulation”
6. S. Ku, G. Dif-Pradalier, S.M. Yi, E.S. Yoon, P.H. Diamond, T.S. Hahm, W. Solomon, C.S. Chang, Y. Sarazin, Invited Talk, 23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, October 2010, Daejon, Korea, “Intrinsic Torque and the Global Structure of Self-consistent Intrinsic Rotation Profiles in Flux-Driven ITG Turbulence.”
7. S. Ku, Invited Talk, 12th Asia Pacific Physics Conference of AAPPS, Makuhari Messe Chiba, Japan July 14-19, 2013 “Global multiscale electrostatic turbulence in diverted tokamak geometry with neutral recycling in the XGC gyrokinetic code,”
8.
S. Ku, R. Hager, C.S. Chang, et. al. Invited
Talk, 24th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas, Golden,
CO, August 12-14 2015, “A new Lagrangian
numerical scheme for gyrokinetic simulation of tokamak edge plasma”
9.
S. Ku, C.S. Chang, E. D’Azevedo,
P. Worley, M. Adams, S. Klasky, and the CPES team,
Plenary talk, International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas
(ICNSP), September 2011, Long Branch, NJ, “Utilizing extreme scale HPC for full-f gyrokinetic particle simulation in realistic diverted
tokamak geometry”
10. S. Ku, C.S. Chang, P.H. Diamond, Plenary Talk, US-EU TTF Conference, April 2009, San Diego, CA, “Full-f edge-core ITG turbulence simulation in diverted tokamak geometry.”