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Compiling

UNIX programmers generally use C as their main language, but Fortran seems to be the perennial favorite at the lab. UNIX compilers are also used as linkers (except on the Crays), so there is usually no need to explicitly call the loader (ld).

The general format for compiling and linking two modules is as follows (using fortran code as an example):

        [lyman|6] f77 -c file1.f
        [lyman|7] f77 -c file2.f
        [lyman|8] f77 -o outfile file1.o file2.o

The option c means `compile, don't link', and the option o links and specifies the name of the executable file (in this case `outfile'). To execute the program, just type its name: outfile. To run the optimizer use option O, to keep debugging information use option g (except on the Crays).

The following is a listing of some of the options we have available for working with code:

• f77 - standard UNIX fortran compiler, understands Fortran-77. Expects source code filenames to end in `.f' or `.for'.
• cc - C compiler, expects source code filenames to end in `.c'.
• gcc - GNU project C and C++ compiler (v2.4). Also requires that filenames end in `.c'.
• make - maintains, updates, and regenerates related programs and files. Useful for re-compiling and re-linking after making small changes---make only updates the files that are affected. gmake is the GNU version.
• RCS - file containing multiple revisions of text, an access list, a change log, descriptive text, and some control attributes.
• dbx - utility for source-level debugging and execution of programs written in Sun C, C++, Fortran, Pascal, Modula-2, and ANSI C. xdbx is the X Window System interface to the dbx debugger.

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