Actual source code: ex3.c

  2: /* Program usage:  ex3 [-help] [all PETSc options] */

  4: static char help[] ="Solves a simple time-dependent linear PDE (the heat equation).\n\
  5: Input parameters include:\n\
  6:   -m <points>, where <points> = number of grid points\n\
  7:   -time_dependent_rhs : Treat the problem as having a time-dependent right-hand side\n\
  8:   -debug              : Activate debugging printouts\n\
  9:   -nox                : Deactivate x-window graphics\n\n";

 11: /*
 12:    Concepts: TS^time-dependent linear problems
 13:    Concepts: TS^heat equation
 14:    Concepts: TS^diffusion equation
 15:    Processors: 1
 16: */

 18: /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------

 20:    This program solves the one-dimensional heat equation (also called the
 21:    diffusion equation),
 22:        u_t = u_xx, 
 23:    on the domain 0 <= x <= 1, with the boundary conditions
 24:        u(t,0) = 0, u(t,1) = 0,
 25:    and the initial condition
 26:        u(0,x) = sin(6*pi*x) + 3*sin(2*pi*x).
 27:    This is a linear, second-order, parabolic equation.

 29:    We discretize the right-hand side using finite differences with
 30:    uniform grid spacing h:
 31:        u_xx = (u_{i+1} - 2u_{i} + u_{i-1})/(h^2)
 32:    We then demonstrate time evolution using the various TS methods by
 33:    running the program via
 34:        ex3 -ts_type <timestepping solver>

 36:    We compare the approximate solution with the exact solution, given by
 37:        u_exact(x,t) = exp(-36*pi*pi*t) * sin(6*pi*x) +
 38:                       3*exp(-4*pi*pi*t) * sin(2*pi*x)

 40:    Notes:
 41:    This code demonstrates the TS solver interface to two variants of 
 42:    linear problems, u_t = f(u,t), namely
 43:      - time-dependent f:   f(u,t) is a function of t
 44:      - time-independent f: f(u,t) is simply f(u)

 46:     The parallel version of this code is ts/examples/tutorials/ex4.c

 48:   ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

 50: /* 
 51:    Include "petscts.h" so that we can use TS solvers.  Note that this file
 52:    automatically includes:
 53:      petsc.h       - base PETSc routines   petscvec.h  - vectors
 54:      petscsys.h    - system routines       petscmat.h  - matrices
 55:      petscis.h     - index sets            petscksp.h  - Krylov subspace methods
 56:      petscviewer.h - viewers               petscpc.h   - preconditioners
 57:      petscksp.h   - linear solvers        petscsnes.h - nonlinear solvers
 58: */

 60:  #include petscts.h

 62: /* 
 63:    User-defined application context - contains data needed by the 
 64:    application-provided call-back routines.
 65: */
 66: typedef struct {
 67:   Vec         solution;          /* global exact solution vector */
 68:   PetscInt    m;                 /* total number of grid points */
 69:   PetscReal   h;                 /* mesh width h = 1/(m-1) */
 70:   PetscTruth  debug;             /* flag (1 indicates activation of debugging printouts) */
 71:   PetscViewer viewer1,viewer2;  /* viewers for the solution and error */
 72:   PetscReal   norm_2,norm_max;  /* error norms */
 73: } AppCtx;

 75: /* 
 76:    User-defined routines
 77: */

 86: int main(int argc,char **argv)
 87: {
 88:   AppCtx         appctx;                 /* user-defined application context */
 89:   TS             ts;                     /* timestepping context */
 90:   Mat            A;                      /* matrix data structure */
 91:   Vec            u;                      /* approximate solution vector */
 92:   PetscReal      time_total_max = 100.0; /* default max total time */
 93:   PetscInt       time_steps_max = 100;   /* default max timesteps */
 94:   PetscDraw      draw;                   /* drawing context */
 96:   PetscInt       steps,m;
 97:   PetscMPIInt    size;
 98:   PetscReal      dt,ftime;
 99:   PetscTruth     flg;

101:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
102:      Initialize program and set problem parameters
103:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
104: 
105:   PetscInitialize(&argc,&argv,(char*)0,help);
106:   MPI_Comm_size(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&size);
107:   if (size != 1) SETERRQ(1,"This is a uniprocessor example only!");

109:   m    = 60;
110:   PetscOptionsGetInt(PETSC_NULL,"-m",&m,PETSC_NULL);
111:   PetscOptionsHasName(PETSC_NULL,"-debug",&appctx.debug);
112:   appctx.m        = m;
113:   appctx.h        = 1.0/(m-1.0);
114:   appctx.norm_2   = 0.0;
115:   appctx.norm_max = 0.0;
116:   PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"Solving a linear TS problem on 1 processor\n");

118:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
119:      Create vector data structures
120:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

122:   /* 
123:      Create vector data structures for approximate and exact solutions
124:   */
125:   VecCreateSeq(PETSC_COMM_SELF,m,&u);
126:   VecDuplicate(u,&appctx.solution);

128:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
129:      Set up displays to show graphs of the solution and error 
130:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

132:   PetscViewerDrawOpen(PETSC_COMM_SELF,0,"",80,380,400,160,&appctx.viewer1);
133:   PetscViewerDrawGetDraw(appctx.viewer1,0,&draw);
134:   PetscDrawSetDoubleBuffer(draw);
135:   PetscViewerDrawOpen(PETSC_COMM_SELF,0,"",80,0,400,160,&appctx.viewer2);
136:   PetscViewerDrawGetDraw(appctx.viewer2,0,&draw);
137:   PetscDrawSetDoubleBuffer(draw);

139:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
140:      Create timestepping solver context
141:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

143:   TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF,&ts);
144:   TSSetProblemType(ts,TS_LINEAR);

146:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
147:      Set optional user-defined monitoring routine
148:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

150:   TSMonitorSet(ts,Monitor,&appctx,PETSC_NULL);

152:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

154:      Create matrix data structure; set matrix evaluation routine.
155:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

157:   MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF,&A);
158:   MatSetSizes(A,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,m,m);
159:   MatSetFromOptions(A);

161:   PetscOptionsHasName(PETSC_NULL,"-time_dependent_rhs",&flg);
162:   if (flg) {
163:     /*
164:        For linear problems with a time-dependent f(u,t) in the equation 
165:        u_t = f(u,t), the user provides the discretized right-hand-side
166:        as a time-dependent matrix.
167:     */
168:     TSSetRHSMatrix(ts,A,A,RHSMatrixHeat,&appctx);
169:   } else {
170:     /*
171:        For linear problems with a time-independent f(u) in the equation 
172:        u_t = f(u), the user provides the discretized right-hand-side
173:        as a matrix only once, and then sets a null matrix evaluation
174:        routine.
175:     */
176:     MatStructure A_structure;
177:     RHSMatrixHeat(ts,0.0,&A,&A,&A_structure,&appctx);
178:     TSSetRHSMatrix(ts,A,A,PETSC_NULL,&appctx);
179:   }

181:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
182:      Set solution vector and initial timestep
183:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

185:   dt = appctx.h*appctx.h/2.0;
186:   TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,0.0,dt);
187:   TSSetSolution(ts,u);

189:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
190:      Customize timestepping solver:  
191:        - Set the solution method to be the Backward Euler method.
192:        - Set timestepping duration info 
193:      Then set runtime options, which can override these defaults.
194:      For example,
195:           -ts_max_steps <maxsteps> -ts_max_time <maxtime>
196:      to override the defaults set by TSSetDuration().
197:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

199:   TSSetDuration(ts,time_steps_max,time_total_max);
200:   TSSetFromOptions(ts);

202:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
203:      Solve the problem
204:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

206:   /*
207:      Evaluate initial conditions
208:   */
209:   InitialConditions(u,&appctx);

211:   /*
212:      Run the timestepping solver
213:   */
214:   TSStep(ts,&steps,&ftime);

216:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
217:      View timestepping solver info
218:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

220:   PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"avg. error (2 norm) = %G, avg. error (max norm) = %G\n",
221:               appctx.norm_2/steps,appctx.norm_max/steps);
222:   TSView(ts,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_SELF);

224:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
225:      Free work space.  All PETSc objects should be destroyed when they
226:      are no longer needed.
227:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */

229:   TSDestroy(ts);
230:   MatDestroy(A);
231:   VecDestroy(u);
232:   PetscViewerDestroy(appctx.viewer1);
233:   PetscViewerDestroy(appctx.viewer2);
234:   VecDestroy(appctx.solution);

236:   /*
237:      Always call PetscFinalize() before exiting a program.  This routine
238:        - finalizes the PETSc libraries as well as MPI
239:        - provides summary and diagnostic information if certain runtime
240:          options are chosen (e.g., -log_summary). 
241:   */
242:   PetscFinalize();
243:   return 0;
244: }
245: /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
248: /*
249:    InitialConditions - Computes the solution at the initial time. 

251:    Input Parameter:
252:    u - uninitialized solution vector (global)
253:    appctx - user-defined application context

255:    Output Parameter:
256:    u - vector with solution at initial time (global)
257: */
258: PetscErrorCode InitialConditions(Vec u,AppCtx *appctx)
259: {
260:   PetscScalar    *u_localptr,h = appctx->h;
262:   PetscInt       i;

264:   /* 
265:     Get a pointer to vector data.
266:     - For default PETSc vectors, VecGetArray() returns a pointer to
267:       the data array.  Otherwise, the routine is implementation dependent.
268:     - You MUST call VecRestoreArray() when you no longer need access to
269:       the array.
270:     - Note that the Fortran interface to VecGetArray() differs from the
271:       C version.  See the users manual for details.
272:   */
273:   VecGetArray(u,&u_localptr);

275:   /* 
276:      We initialize the solution array by simply writing the solution
277:      directly into the array locations.  Alternatively, we could use
278:      VecSetValues() or VecSetValuesLocal().
279:   */
280:   for (i=0; i<appctx->m; i++) {
281:     u_localptr[i] = PetscSinScalar(PETSC_PI*i*6.*h) + 3.*PetscSinScalar(PETSC_PI*i*2.*h);
282:   }

284:   /* 
285:      Restore vector
286:   */
287:   VecRestoreArray(u,&u_localptr);

289:   /* 
290:      Print debugging information if desired
291:   */
292:   if (appctx->debug) {
293:      printf("initial guess vector\n");
294:      VecView(u,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_SELF);
295:   }

297:   return 0;
298: }
299: /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
302: /*
303:    ExactSolution - Computes the exact solution at a given time.

305:    Input Parameters:
306:    t - current time
307:    solution - vector in which exact solution will be computed
308:    appctx - user-defined application context

310:    Output Parameter:
311:    solution - vector with the newly computed exact solution
312: */
313: PetscErrorCode ExactSolution(PetscReal t,Vec solution,AppCtx *appctx)
314: {
315:   PetscScalar    *s_localptr,h = appctx->h,ex1,ex2,sc1,sc2,tc = t;
317:   PetscInt       i;

319:   /*
320:      Get a pointer to vector data.
321:   */
322:   VecGetArray(solution,&s_localptr);

324:   /* 
325:      Simply write the solution directly into the array locations.
326:      Alternatively, we culd use VecSetValues() or VecSetValuesLocal().
327:   */
328:   ex1 = PetscExpScalar(-36.*PETSC_PI*PETSC_PI*tc);
329:   ex2 = PetscExpScalar(-4.*PETSC_PI*PETSC_PI*tc);
330:   sc1 = PETSC_PI*6.*h;                 sc2 = PETSC_PI*2.*h;
331:   for (i=0; i<appctx->m; i++) {
332:     s_localptr[i] = PetscSinScalar(sc1*(PetscReal)i)*ex1 + 3.*PetscSinScalar(sc2*(PetscReal)i)*ex2;
333:   }

335:   /* 
336:      Restore vector
337:   */
338:   VecRestoreArray(solution,&s_localptr);
339:   return 0;
340: }
341: /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
344: /*
345:    Monitor - User-provided routine to monitor the solution computed at 
346:    each timestep.  This example plots the solution and computes the
347:    error in two different norms.

349:    This example also demonstrates changing the timestep via TSSetTimeStep().

351:    Input Parameters:
352:    ts     - the timestep context
353:    step   - the count of the current step (with 0 meaning the
354:              initial condition)
355:    time   - the current time
356:    u      - the solution at this timestep
357:    ctx    - the user-provided context for this monitoring routine.
358:             In this case we use the application context which contains 
359:             information about the problem size, workspace and the exact 
360:             solution.
361: */
362: PetscErrorCode Monitor(TS ts,PetscInt step,PetscReal time,Vec u,void *ctx)
363: {
364:   AppCtx         *appctx = (AppCtx*) ctx;   /* user-defined application context */
366:   PetscReal      norm_2,norm_max,dt,dttol;
367:   /* 
368:      View a graph of the current iterate
369:   */
370:   VecView(u,appctx->viewer2);

372:   /* 
373:      Compute the exact solution
374:   */
375:   ExactSolution(time,appctx->solution,appctx);

377:   /*
378:      Print debugging information if desired
379:   */
380:   if (appctx->debug) {
381:      printf("Computed solution vector\n");
382:      VecView(u,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_SELF);
383:      printf("Exact solution vector\n");
384:      VecView(appctx->solution,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_SELF);
385:   }

387:   /*
388:      Compute the 2-norm and max-norm of the error
389:   */
390:   VecAXPY(appctx->solution,-1.0,u);
391:   VecNorm(appctx->solution,NORM_2,&norm_2);
392:   norm_2 = sqrt(appctx->h)*norm_2;
393:   VecNorm(appctx->solution,NORM_MAX,&norm_max);

395:   TSGetTimeStep(ts,&dt);
396:   PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"Timestep %3D: step size = %-11g, time = %-11g, 2-norm error = %-11g, max norm error = %-11g\n",
397:          step,dt,time,norm_2,norm_max);
398:   appctx->norm_2   += norm_2;
399:   appctx->norm_max += norm_max;

401:   dttol = .0001;
402:   PetscOptionsGetReal(PETSC_NULL,"-dttol",&dttol,PETSC_NULL);
403:   if (dt < dttol) {
404:     dt *= .999;
405:     TSSetTimeStep(ts,dt);
406:   }

408:   /* 
409:      View a graph of the error
410:   */
411:   VecView(appctx->solution,appctx->viewer1);

413:   /*
414:      Print debugging information if desired
415:   */
416:   if (appctx->debug) {
417:      printf("Error vector\n");
418:      VecView(appctx->solution,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_SELF);
419:   }

421:   return 0;
422: }
423: /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
426: /*
427:    RHSMatrixHeat - User-provided routine to compute the right-hand-side
428:    matrix for the heat equation.

430:    Input Parameters:
431:    ts - the TS context
432:    t - current time
433:    global_in - global input vector
434:    dummy - optional user-defined context, as set by TSetRHSJacobian()

436:    Output Parameters:
437:    AA - Jacobian matrix
438:    BB - optionally different preconditioning matrix
439:    str - flag indicating matrix structure

441:    Notes:
442:    Recall that MatSetValues() uses 0-based row and column numbers
443:    in Fortran as well as in C.
444: */
445: PetscErrorCode RHSMatrixHeat(TS ts,PetscReal t,Mat *AA,Mat *BB,MatStructure *str,void *ctx)
446: {
447:   Mat            A = *AA;                      /* Jacobian matrix */
448:   AppCtx         *appctx = (AppCtx*)ctx;     /* user-defined application context */
449:   PetscInt       mstart = 0;
450:   PetscInt       mend = appctx->m;
452:   PetscInt       i,idx[3];
453:   PetscScalar    v[3],stwo = -2./(appctx->h*appctx->h),sone = -.5*stwo;

455:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
456:      Compute entries for the locally owned part of the matrix
457:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
458:   /* 
459:      Set matrix rows corresponding to boundary data
460:   */

462:   mstart = 0;
463:   v[0] = 1.0;
464:   MatSetValues(A,1,&mstart,1,&mstart,v,INSERT_VALUES);
465:   mstart++;

467:   mend--;
468:   v[0] = 1.0;
469:   MatSetValues(A,1,&mend,1,&mend,v,INSERT_VALUES);

471:   /*
472:      Set matrix rows corresponding to interior data.  We construct the 
473:      matrix one row at a time.
474:   */
475:   v[0] = sone; v[1] = stwo; v[2] = sone;
476:   for (i=mstart; i<mend; i++) {
477:     idx[0] = i-1; idx[1] = i; idx[2] = i+1;
478:     MatSetValues(A,1,&i,3,idx,v,INSERT_VALUES);
479:   }

481:   /* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
482:      Complete the matrix assembly process and set some options
483:      - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
484:   /*
485:      Assemble matrix, using the 2-step process:
486:        MatAssemblyBegin(), MatAssemblyEnd()
487:      Computations can be done while messages are in transition
488:      by placing code between these two statements.
489:   */
490:   MatAssemblyBegin(A,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);
491:   MatAssemblyEnd(A,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);

493:   /*
494:      Set flag to indicate that the Jacobian matrix retains an identical
495:      nonzero structure throughout all timestepping iterations (although the
496:      values of the entries change). Thus, we can save some work in setting
497:      up the preconditioner (e.g., no need to redo symbolic factorization for
498:      ILU/ICC preconditioners).
499:       - If the nonzero structure of the matrix is different during
500:         successive linear solves, then the flag DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN
501:         must be used instead.  If you are unsure whether the matrix
502:         structure has changed or not, use the flag DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN.
503:       - Caution:  If you specify SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN, PETSc
504:         believes your assertion and does not check the structure
505:         of the matrix.  If you erroneously claim that the structure
506:         is the same when it actually is not, the new preconditioner
507:         will not function correctly.  Thus, use this optimization
508:         feature with caution!
509:   */
510:   *str = SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN;

512:   /*
513:      Set and option to indicate that we will never add a new nonzero location 
514:      to the matrix. If we do, it will generate an error.
515:   */
516:   MatSetOption(A,MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATION_ERR);

518:   return 0;
519: }
520: /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
523: /*
524:    Input Parameters:
525:    ts - the TS context
526:    t - current time
527:    f - function
528:    ctx - optional user-defined context, as set by TSetBCFunction()
529:  */
530: PetscErrorCode MyBCRoutine(TS ts,PetscReal t,Vec f,void *ctx)
531: {
532:   AppCtx         *appctx = (AppCtx*)ctx;     /* user-defined application context */
533:   PetscErrorCode ierr,m = appctx->m;
534:   PetscScalar    *fa;

536:   VecGetArray(f,&fa);
537:   fa[0] = 0.0;
538:   fa[m-1] = 0.0;
539:   VecRestoreArray(f,&fa);
540:   printf("t=%g\n",t);
541: 
542:   return 0;
543: }