% Summary of Cyclone paper for DOE Briefing.
%
% Uses new LaTex2e

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
% \documentclass[12pt,twocolumn]{article}

\usepackage{graphics}
\usepackage{color}
%\definecolor{magenta}{rgb}{1,0,1}
%\definecolor{cyan}{rgb}{0,1,1}
%\definecolor{blue}{rgb}{0,0,1}
\definecolor{brown}{rgb}{.5,.27,0}
\definecolor{gray}{rgb}{.18,.31,.31}

\usepackage{epsfig}
%\usepackage{epsfig,my_commands}
%\usepackage{epsfig,my_commands,wrapfig}
\usepackage{helvetic}  % helvetica (postscript fonts make faster pdf files)
% \usepackage{helvet}  % helvetica (postscript fonts make faster pdf files)
% (locate helvetic.sty to see what this does, others: times, palatino, ...)
\usepackage{hyperref}  % enables \href{URL}{text}

%\documentstyle[12pt,aip,regmar,epsf,my_commands]{article}
%\documentstyle[12pt,aip,regmar,epsfig,my_commands]{article}
%\documentstyle[12pt,vugraph,aip,regmar,psfig,my_commands]{article}

% Standard parameters which can print on the Kodak Color printer
% (which can't print within 1 inch of the top or bottom, though it
% can print with side margins as small as 0.55in):
%
% \special{papersize=11in,8.5in} % meaningful to dvips not xdvi.
\special{landscape} % meaningful to dvips not xdvi.
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.00in} %left margin -3/4 inch.
\setlength{\textwidth}{9.0in}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-1.0in} %top margin -1 inch.
\setlength{\textheight}{7.7in}
%\setlength{\textheight}{7.5in}

\parskip=.15truein
\setlength{\parindent}{0 em}
\newcommand{\Trule}{{\rule[6pt]{\textwidth}{1pt}\\}}
% \BA{F} => <f>_b bounce-average:
\newcommand{\BA}[1]{{\mbox{$\left \langle #1\right\rangle_b$}}} 
\newcommand{\bull}{{\mbox{$\bullet$}\ }}
\newcommand{\grad}{{\bf \nabla}}
\newcommand{\infinity}{\infty}
\newcommand{\ignore}[1]{}  % do nothing (comment out a section)

\sloppy         % don't be as fussy as TeX about line breaks
\raggedbottom   %

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}  % turn off page numbering
\thispagestyle{empty}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.0}
%\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{0.8}

\Large \sf \bf  % sans serif, boldface (good for vugraphs...)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{center}
%\vspace{-5.0in}
{\Huge \sf \bf Gyrofluid/gyrokinetic (GF/GK) simulation differences
$\rightarrow$ 20-33\% change in predicted temperature gradient}
\Trule
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.5in}
{\normalsize \sf \bf \hfill Dimits, Bateman, Beer et.al., PoP 7, 969 (2000)}
\vspace{0.3in}

\Large \sf \bf

\vspace{-0.40in}

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=figs/cyclone.ps, height=3.5in}
\epsfig{file=figs/cyclone3.ps, height=3.5in}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.1in}
% {\normalsize \sf \hspace{3em} Caption here, or}
%\caption{ Here's a caption }
\end{figure}
\vspace{-0.4in}

\bull Dimits (LLNL): good convergence in his gyrokinetic particle
simulations
% His results appear correct for collisionless ITG simulations with
% adiabatic electrons. 

\bull New neoclassical gyrofluid closure significantly improves GF/GK
comparison.  

\bull Turning this plot around, for a fixed amount of heat flux $\propto
\chi \grad T$, the temperature gradient predicted by the original
gyrofluid-based IFS-PPPL model is 20-33\% low.  But $P_{fusion} \propto
T^2$, and so may increase by $\times 2$ or more.

\bull Nonlinear upshift in critical gradient may depend on:
Rosenbluth-Hinton undamped zonal flows $\uparrow$ with elongation
(W. Dorland), $\downarrow$ with weak collisions (Z. Lin), $\downarrow$ ??
with non-adiabatic electrons [may limit inverse cascade that drives zonal
flows (Diamond, Liang, Terry-Horton, Waltz, ...) and $\uparrow$ turbulent
viscosity].

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newpage
\begin{center}
\textcolor{red}{\Huge \sf \bf Predictions of $Q$ for ITER-96
from original IFS-PPPL model \& from versions fit to gyrokinetic
simulations}
\Trule
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.5in}
{\scriptsize \sf \bf \hfill Dimits, Bateman, Beer et.al., PoP 7, 969 (2000)}
\vspace{0.3in}

\Large \sf \bf

\vspace{-0.55in}
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=figs/ped_plot98c.ps,height=3.5in}
%     bbllx=5,bblly=150,bburx=550,bbury=735}
\end{center}
\vspace{-0.1in}
% {\normalsize \sf \hspace{3em} Caption here, or}
%\caption{ Here's a caption }
\end{figure}
\vspace{-0.4in}
\bull Gyrokinetic-fit version causes predicted Q to rise some, but the
original point remains that the results are sensitive to the assumed edge
pedestal temperature, which is uncertain.  There is a risk of low Q,
particularly at low density.

\bull The uncertainties are large, and it may be that ITER's pedestal
temperature and confinement would be acceptable for ignition.  Other
sources of uncertainty which need better treatment, in addition to a better
understanding of the edge transport barrier and the achievable density and
density peaking, include the effects of elongation and plasma shaping,
plasma rotation, and fully electromagnetic fluctuations with non-adiabatic
electrons. \\
{\large ITER-96 baseline scenario: $n_e=1.3 \times 10^{20}/m^3 = 1.5 \, 
n_{\rm Greenwald}$, $\tau_{He*}/\tau_E=10$.}\\
{\large lower $n_e$ scenario: $n_e=1.15 \, n_{\rm Greenwald}$.}

\end{document}
