2002 I 4B
From QED
The phase velocity is:
The group velocity is:
The dispersion relation for cold electrostatic waves is:
Or, since S and P are only functions of ω:
Then, taking the derivative with respect to :
So:
This page was recovered in October 2009 from the Plasmagicians page on Generals_2002_I_4B dated 06:06, 14 May 2007.